DoubleCategory 2009-05-16 15:57:26 2009-05-17 00:22:01 Definition internal category in $Cat$ double category % almost certainly you want these \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{amsfonts} % define commands here \usepackage{amsmath, amssymb, amsfonts, amsthm, amscd, latexsym} \usepackage{xypic} \usepackage[mathscr]{eucal} \theoremstyle{plain} \newtheorem{lemma}{Lemma}[section] \newtheorem{proposition}{Proposition}[section] \newtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}[section] \newtheorem{corollary}{Corollary}[section] \theoremstyle{definition} \newtheorem{definition}{Definition}[section] \newtheorem{example}{Example}[section] %\theoremstyle{remark} \newtheorem{remark}{Remark}[section] \newtheorem*{notation}{Notation} \newtheorem*{claim}{Claim} \renewcommand{\thefootnote}{\ensuremath{\fnsymbol{footnote%%@ }}} \numberwithin{equation}{section} \newcommand{\Ad}{{\rm Ad}} \newcommand{\Aut}{{\rm Aut}} \newcommand{\Cl}{{\rm Cl}} \newcommand{\Co}{{\rm Co}} \newcommand{\DES}{{\rm DES}} 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\newcommand{\gcalp}{{\mathbb G(\mathcal P)}} \newcommand{\rf}{{R_{\mathcal F}}} \newcommand{\glob}{{\rm glob}} \newcommand{\loc}{{\rm loc}} \newcommand{\TOP}{{\rm TOP}} \newcommand{\wti}{\widetilde} \newcommand{\what}{\widehat} \renewcommand{\a}{\alpha} \newcommand{\be}{\beta} \newcommand{\ga}{\gamma} \newcommand{\Ga}{\Gamma} \newcommand{\de}{\delta} \newcommand{\del}{\partial} \newcommand{\ka}{\kappa} \newcommand{\si}{\sigma} \newcommand{\ta}{\tau} \newcommand{\lra}{{\longrightarrow}} \newcommand{\ra}{{\rightarrow}} \newcommand{\rat}{{\rightarrowtail}} \newcommand{\oset}[1]{\overset {#1}{\ra}} \newcommand{\osetl}[1]{\overset {#1}{\lra}} \newcommand{\hr}{{\hookrightarrow}} \subsection{Background} Charles Ehresmann defined in 1963 a {\em double category} $\mathcal{D}$ as an internal category in the category of small categories $\bf{Cat}$. \subsection{Double category definition} \begin{definition} A double category $\mathcal{D}$ consists of: \begin{itemize} \item a set of objects, \item a set of horizontal morphisms $$f: A \to B$$, \item a set of vertical morphisms $$j: A \to C$$, and \item a class of squares with source and target as shown in the following diagrams: $$\xymatrix{ {A}\ar[r]^{f}\ar[d]_{k}&{B}\ar[d]^{g}\\ {C}\ar[r]_{h}&{D} } $$ \end{itemize} with compositions and units of the double category that satisfy the following axioms: \begin{itemize} \item \emph{i.} Horizontal: \[ A\buildrel f_1 \over \longrightarrow B \buildrel f_2 \over \longrightarrow C = [f_1, f_2]= f_2 \circ f_1 \] \[ A\buildrel 1^h_A \over \longrightarrow A \buildrel f_1 \over \longrightarrow B = A\buildrel f_1 \over \longrightarrow B = A \buildrel f_1 \over \longrightarrow B \buildrel 1^h_B \over \longrightarrow B \] \item \emph{ii.} Vertical: \[ [A\buildrel j_1 \over \longrightarrow B \buildrel j_2 \over \longrightarrow C]_{vert} = [j_1, j_2]_{vert.}= j_2 \circ j_1 \] \[ [A\buildrel 1^v_A \over \longrightarrow A \buildrel j_1 \over \longrightarrow B = A\buildrel j_1 \over \longrightarrow B = A \buildrel j_1 \over \longrightarrow B \buildrel 1^v_B \over \longrightarrow B]_{vert.} \] \emph{Compositions for square diagrams in a double category $\mathcal{D}$:} \item \emph{iii.} Horizontal composition: $$\xymatrix{ {A}\ar[r]^{f_1}\ar[d]_{j}&{B}\ar[d]^{k}\\ {D}\ar[r]_{g_1}&{E}}~~~~[\alpha]``\circ'' \xymatrix{ {B}\ar[r]^{f_2}\ar[d]_{k}&{C}\ar[d]^{l}\\ {E}\ar[r]_{g_2}&{F}}~~~~[\beta] = \xymatrix{ {A}\ar[r]^{[f_1f_2]}\ar[d]_{j}&{C}\ar[d]^{l}\\ {D}\ar[r]_{g_1g_2}&{F}} ~~~~[\alpha \beta].$$ \item \emph{iv.} Vertical composition of squares in $\mathcal{D}$: ${[\alpha \beta]}_{vert.}$ is expressed as $$\xymatrix{ {A}\ar[r]^{f}\ar[d]_{[j_1 j_2]_v}&{B}\ar[d]^{[k_1 k_2]_v}\\ {E}\ar[r]_{h}&{F}}~~~~[\alpha \beta].$$ \end{itemize} \end{definition}