FundamentalPhysicalConcepts 2010-10-31 20:56:18 2010-10-31 21:50:03 Topic fundamental physical concepts Physics axioms local interactions quantum measurement Local Quantum Physics Algebraic Quantum Field Theory AQFT Axiomatic Quantum Field Theory HQFT fundamental physics concepts energy field wave mass universal constant speed of light reference frame Lorentz transformations Poincare transformations group Lorentz group of transformations energy-mass law quantum fields gauhe fields non-Abelian physical theories motion universal constant cosmological constant SLAC local interactions quantum measurement Local Quantum Physics Algebraic Quantum Field Theory AQFT Axiomatic Quantum Field Theory HQFT fundamental physics concepts energy field wave mass universal constant speed of light reference frame Lorentz transformations Poincare transformations group Lorentz group of transformations energy-mass law quantum fields gauhe fields non-Abelian physical theories motion universal constant cosmological constant \section{Fundamental Concepts in Physics} \begin{enumerate} \item Space, $s$ \item Time, $t$ \item Spacetime, $ST$ \item Reference System or Frame of Reference ($RS$) \item Motion \item Measurement \item Observable \item Universal constants: Planck's constant ($h$, the speed of light, $c$, gravitational constant, $G$; hyperfine constant, $e$; cosmological constant, $\lambda$ \item Matter \item Mass \item Particle \item Elementary Particles and Quarks \item Energy: Conservation Laws, Hamiltonian Operator, energy eigenvalues. eigenstates, Lagrangian, Photons/Electromagnetic radiation \item Fields: Electromagnetic, magnetic, electrical; nuclear; gravitational \item Gravity \item String/strings \item Oscillatory motion, Oscillation, Periodic and Quasi-periodic motions \item Wave \item WaveFunction, Hermitian Operator, non-Hermitian operator, Super-operator, Prigogine Time operator \item Period of oscillation \item Frequency \item Oscillation \item Force \item Reaction force \item Interactions: Strong Interactions: quark-quark, quark-pair, quark-gluon, gluon-gluon interactions, etc; Electromagnetic Interactions, Electro-weak interactions, gravitational interactions and gravitons \item Potential \item virtual particles \item Kinetics and Dynamics, Chaotic Dynamics, Quantum Dynamics \item System: closed, open, dynamic; classical or Newtonian, mechanical, relativistic, thermodynamic, quantum; simple, chaotic, complex, super-complex, ultra-complex, hyper-complex \item Dynamical System \item Entropy, $S$ \item Mechanical Work \item Temperature \item Heat, $Q$ \item Enthalpy, $H$ \item Partition Function, $Z$ \end{enumerate} \begin{thebibliography}{99} \bibitem{IN1} Isaac Newton. 1686.\emph{Principles of Natural Philosophy}. \emph{``The Principia."} \bibitem{IN2} G. Gray, ed. 1888. The complete list of \PMlinkexternal{``Works of Sir Isaac Newton--Isaaci Newtoni Opera quae exstant omnia".}{http://www.archive.org/details/bibliographyofwo00grayrich}. London, UK. (See also: $http://planetphysics.org/?op=getobj\&from=books\&id=177$). \bibitem{AE1} Albert Einstein. 1956. \emph{Relativity Theory}. NL \bibitem{IN2} Dirac, Paul A.M. 1958. \emph{Principles of Quantum Mechanics}. NL \bibitem{IN2} Richard Feynman. 1965. \emph{Lecture Notes in Physics}. NL \bibitem{IN2} Steven Weinberg. 1994. \emph{``The Quantum Theory of Fields''} (three volumes: 1995, 1996, 2003). Nobel Laureate in Theoretical Physics in 1979. ``Gravitation and Cosmology: Principles and Applications of the General Theory of Relativity'' (1972) ``The First Three Minutes: A Modern View of the Origin of the Universe'' (1977, updated with new afterword in 1993, ISBN 0-465-02437-8) ``The Discovery of Subatomic Particles'' (1983) ``Elementary Particles and the Laws of Physics: The 1986 Dirac Memorial Lectures'' (1987; with Richard Feynman) ``Dreams of a Final Theory: The Search for the Fundamental Laws of Nature'' (1993), ISBN 0-09-922391-0 ``The Quantum Theory of Fields'' (three volumes: 1995, 1996, 2003) ``Facing Up: Science and Its Cultural Adversaries'' (2001, 2003, Harvard University Press, HUP) ``Glory and Terror: The Coming Nuclear Danger'' (2004, NYRB) ``Cosmology'' (2008, [[Oxford University Press|OUP]]) ``Lake Views: This World and the Universe'' (2010), Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, ISBN 0674035151. \bibitem{WS67} Weinberg, S., 1967. $http://cos.cumt.edu.cn/jpkc/dxwl/zl/zl1/Physicalpct20Review20Classics/particle/066.pdf$ A Model of Leptons, Phys. Rev. Lett. 19, 1264--1266 (1967), his fundamental electroweak unification paper. Weinberg, S. and G. Feinberg.``Law of Conservation of Muons", Columbia University, University of California--Berkeley, United States Department of Energy (through predecessor agency of the US Atomic Energy Commission, Atomic Energy Commission), (Feb. 1961). Pais, A., Weinberg, S., Quigg, C., Riordan, M., Panofsky, W.K.H. and V. Trimble. ``100 years of elementary particles'', Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, (SLAC) United States Department of Energy, ``Beam Line'', vol. 27, issue 1, Spring 1997. (April 1, 1997). $http://www.physlink.com/Education/essay-weinberg.cfm$ ``A Designer Universe?'', critically discussing the possibility of the intelligent design of the universe, is based on a talk given in April 1999 at the Conference on Cosmic Design of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in Washington, D.C. Steven Weinberg. $http://nobelprize.org/nobel-prizes/physics/laureates/1979/weinberg-autobio.html$ Nobel prize autobiography. \bibitem{ESKGM65} Eilenberg, S., and Kelly, G.M., *Closed Categories, \emph{Proceedings of the Conference on Categorical Algebra} (La Jolla 1965), Springer Verlag 1966. \bibitem{ESML45} Eilenberg, S., and Mac Lane, S., *General Theory of Natural Equivalences, \emph{Trans. Amer. Math. Soc.} 58, 231--294 (1945). \bibitem{KDM1} Kan, D. M., *Adjoint Functors, \emph{Trans. Amer. Math. Soc.} 87, 294--329 (1958). \bibitem{LFW66} Lawvere, F. W., *Functorial Semantics of Algebraic Theories, \emph{Proc. Nat. Acad. Sc. U.S.A.},\textbf{50}, 869--872 (1963). \bibitem{LFW66} Lawvere, F. W., *The Category of Categories as a Foundation for Mathematics, \emph{Proceedings of the Conference on Categorical Algebra} (La Jolla 1965), Springer Verlag. 1966. (See also the Review 7332 by J. Isbell, Dec. 1967, Math. Reviews). \bibitem{LMS65} Mac Lane, S., *Categorical Algebra, \emph{Bull. Amer. Math. Soc.}, 71, 40--106 (1965). \bibitem{ESKGM65} Eilenberg, S., and Kelly, G.M., *Closed Categories, \emph{Proceedings of the Conference on Categorical Algebra} (La Jolla 1965), Springer Verlag 1966. \end{thebibliography} \subsection{Remark} *1. Unlike Mathematical Axioms that have all terms defined mathematically, the Axioms of Physics, oftentimes called ``Postulates'', are defined in terms of physical concepts that may also relate to measurements and may include basic physical assumptions derived on an experimental and physical-conceptual basis, such as the fundamental axiom of Local Quantum Field Theory, or Axiomatic Quantum Field Theory, also called Algebraic Quantum Field Theory (AQFT), that all quantum measurements and observations involve \emph{local} interactions in spacetime.